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Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance. These flaws are often unnoticeable to others, or seem very minor.

BDD is not vanity. It can cause severe distress and affect work, relationships and daily life. It is related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One form, sometimes called muscle dysmorphia, mainly affects men and involves believing your body is too small or not muscular enough, even when it is.

What are the signs of BDD?

1. Thoughts:

  • Constant worry about a specific part of your body, such as your skin, nose, hair or muscles.
  • Believing others are noticing or judging the flaw.
  • Comparing your looks with other people's.

2. Behaviour:

  • Checking mirrors often, or avoiding them completely.
  • Spending a long time grooming, or covering up with clothes or make-up.
  • Seeking cosmetic procedures.
  • Excessive exercise or strict dieting.
  • Using steroids or other substances to change your body.
  • Avoiding social situations or photos.

3. Feelings:

  • Shame, anxiety and depression.
  • In some cases, thoughts of suicide.

What are the statistics for BDD in the UK?

Prevalence: The BDD Foundation estimates that BDD affects around 1 in 50 people.

Gender: BDD affects both men and women.

Risk: People with BDD are at higher risk of depression and suicidal thoughts, so getting help matters.

Treatment: The NHS recommends CBT that includes exposure and response prevention (ERP), sometimes with antidepressant medication.

Where to get help with BDD UK?

Always call 999 if you are in need of urgent help.

BDD Foundation: The UK's charity for body dysmorphic disorder.
Website: https://bddfoundation.org/

OCD Action: Support for people with OCD and related conditions, including BDD.
Website: https://ocdaction.org.uk/

Mind:
Website: https://www.mind.org.uk/
Infoline: 0300 123 3393

NHS Talking Therapies or your GP: Your GP can refer you to specialist support if needed.

Samaritans:
Helpline: 116 123 (24/7, free to call)

How you see yourself isn't how others see you. Help is available.

Conditions and diagnoses

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