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Complex PTSD

What is complex PTSD?

Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) can develop after trauma that was repeated or went on for a long time, often where escape felt impossible. Examples include childhood abuse or neglect, domestic abuse, long-term bullying, or being held captive.

People with complex PTSD have the core symptoms of PTSD, such as flashbacks and feeling constantly on edge. They also have deeper difficulties with emotions, self-worth and relationships. Complex PTSD was formally recognised as a separate diagnosis in the World Health Organization's ICD-11 classification.

What are the signs of complex PTSD?

1. PTSD symptoms:

  • Flashbacks, nightmares and intrusive memories.
  • Avoiding reminders of the trauma.
  • Feeling on high alert and easily startled.

2. Difficulty managing emotions:

  • Intense anger or sadness that feels hard to control.
  • Feeling numb or empty.
  • Sudden mood changes.

3. Negative view of yourself:

  • Deep feelings of shame, guilt or worthlessness.
  • Believing you are different from everyone else or damaged.

4. Relationship difficulties:

  • Finding it hard to trust people.
  • Avoiding closeness, or being drawn into unhealthy relationships.
  • Feeling cut off from friends and family.

5. Other effects:

  • Dissociation (feeling detached from your body or surroundings).
  • Physical symptoms such as headaches and stomach problems.
  • Using alcohol or drugs to cope.

What are the statistics for complex PTSD in the UK?

Prevalence: Because it is a newer diagnosis, UK figures are limited. International studies suggest complex PTSD affects roughly 1 to 8 in 100 people, and it is more common than standard PTSD among people who experienced childhood trauma.

Childhood experiences: A large study in England found that nearly half of adults had experienced at least one adverse childhood experience, such as abuse or growing up with domestic violence.

Treatment: Recovery is possible. Treatment usually takes longer than for PTSD and often starts by building safety and coping skills before working on traumatic memories.

Where to get help with complex PTSD UK?

Always call 999 if you are in need of urgent help. If you are looking for support with complex PTSD, here are a few options:

Mind: Information on complex PTSD, treatment and self-care.
Website: https://www.mind.org.uk/
Infoline: 0300 123 3393

PTSD UK:
Website: https://www.ptsduk.org/

NAPAC (National Association for People Abused in Childhood): Support for adults who were abused as children.
Helpline: 0808 801 0331

Lighthouse Construction Industry Charity:
Helpline: 0345 605 1956 (24/7)

NHS Talking Therapies or your GP: Your GP can refer you to specialist trauma services if talking therapies alone are not enough.

Samaritans:
Helpline: 116 123 (24/7, free to call)

What happened to you was not your fault. With the right support, things can get better.

Conditions and diagnoses

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